China
Population (World Bank): 1,406,585,000 (2025)
Metal/Ore Exports (% of Total Merchandise Exports, World Bank): 1.5% (2024)
Petroleum Production (Million barrels per day, EIA): 5,322 Mb/d (2024)
Human Development Index (World Rank, UNDP): 78
2021 Resource Governance Index Score (NRGI): 55/100
EITI Status: None
Link to key economic information (Atlas of Economic Complexity)
Policy documents that include local content relevant provisions:
Local Content Relevant News:
October 2025 – China challenges India's EV, auto PLI schemes at WTO over trade rules
August 2025 - China's renewable energy expansion continues with 114 overseas facilities bypass trade restrictions
November 2024 - Taiwan axes offshore wind local content rules to settle WTO row with EU
August 2024 - BlueFloat CEO says Taiwan must 'strike right balance' over floating wind local content
July 2024 - EU hits Taiwan with WTO complaint over offshore wind local content rules
March 2024 - China and US in green trade war of words as Beijing slams 'discriminatory' clean tech law in WTO complaint
Analysis and Case Studies:
Edward Lange (2021) – Legal framework for local content and sub-contracting in the mining sector in Zambia
Peter Kragelund (2020) – Using Local Content Polcies to Engender Resource-Based Development in Zambia: A Chronicle of a Death Foretold? (Paywall)
Alexander Caramento (2020) – Cultivating Backward Linkages to Zambia’s Copper Mines: Debating the Design of, and Obstacles to, Local Content (Paywall)
Ross Harvey (2019) – Can Zambia’s Copper Become a Flywheel for Industrialisation?
Mulimbika and Karim (2018) – Zambia’s industrialisation agenda: A case for local content in the mining industry
Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (2018) – Case Study of Zambia: Upstream Linkages
Östensson and Löf (2017) – Downstream Activities: The Possibilities and the Realities
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2017) – Local Content Policies in Minerals-exporting Countries, Case Study
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (2015) – Local Content: Zambia - Mining
Alan Roe et al. (2014) – Enhancing Mining’s Contribution to the Zambian Economy and Society
Judith Fessehaie (2012) – What determines the breadth and depth of Zambia's backward linkages to copper mining? The role of public policy and value chain dynamics (Paywall)
Judith Fessehaie (2011) – Development and knowledge intensification in industries upstream of Zambia's copper mining sector
Relevant Initiatives:
IFC Copperbelt SME Suppliers Development Program (Completed, 2007-2010)